李存申戒子文章文言文翻译

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1. 李存审戒子 原文及翻译

李存审戒子

原文

李存审出（1）于寒微，常戒诸子曰：“尔父少提（2）一剑去（3）乡里，四十年间，位及（4）将相。其间出（5）万死获一生者非一，破（6）骨出镞（7）者凡百馀。”因授以所出镞，命（8）藏之，曰：“尔曹（9）生于膏粱（10），当知尔父起家如此也。”子孙皆（11）诺（12）。

翻译文章翻译：

李存审出生贫穷没有地位，他曾经训诫他的孩子们说：“你们的父亲年轻时只带一柄剑离开家乡，四十年了，地位到达将相之高，那段时间里逃脱死亡而获得万分之一的生存机会并非只有一次，被利箭射进骨头又取出的情况上百次.”于是，把所取出的箭头拿出给孩子们，吩咐他们贮藏起来，说：“你们这一辈出生于富贵，应该知道你们的父亲是这样起家的。”孩子们都答应了。

单字解释：

(1)出：出身

(2)提：带

(3)去：离开

(4)极：达到

(5)出：脱离

(6)破：剖

(7)镞：箭头

(8)命：命令

(9)尔曹：你们

(10)膏粱：精美的食物，指富贵生活，比喻富贵人家

(11)皆：都

(12)诺：答应

文章翻译：

李存审出生贫穷没有地位，他曾经训诫他的孩子们说：“你们的父亲年轻时只带一柄剑离开家乡，四十年了，地位到达将相之高，那段时间里逃脱死亡而获得万分之一的生存机会并非只有一次，被利箭射进骨头又取出的情况上百次.”于是，把所取出的箭头拿出给孩子们，吩咐他们贮藏起来，说：“你们这一辈出生于富贵，应该知道你们的父亲是这样起家的。”孩子们都答应了。

2. 求李存审戒子文章+翻译

存审出于寒微，常戒诸子曰：“尔父少提一剑去乡里，四十年间，位极将相，其间出万死获一生者非一，破骨出镞者凡百馀。”因授以所出镞，命藏之，曰：“尔曹生于膏梁，当知尔父起家如此也。”

李存审出身贫穷没有地位，他常常训诫他的孩子们说：“你们的父亲年轻时只带一柄剑离开家乡，四十年了，地位到达将相之高，其中在非死不可的情况下获救不只一次，被利箭射进骨头又取出的情况上百次.”于是，把所取出的箭头拿出给孩子们，吩咐他们贮藏起来，说：“父们这一辈出身于富贵，应该知道你们的父亲是这样起家的。”

3. 李存审戒子

李存审出（1）于寒微，常戒诸子曰：“尔父少提（2）一剑去（3）乡里，四十年间，位及（4）将相。

其间出（5）万死获一生者非一，破（6）骨出镞（7）者凡百馀。”因授以所出镞，命（8）藏之，曰：“尔曹（9）生于膏粱（10），当知尔父起家如此也。”

子孙皆（11）诺（12）。 翻译文章翻译： 李存审出生贫穷没有地位，他曾经训诫他的孩子们说：“你们的父亲年轻时只带一柄剑离开家乡，四十年了，地位到达将相之高，那段时间里逃脱死亡而获得万分之一的生存机会并非只有一次，被利箭射进骨头又取出的情况上百次.”于是，把所取出的箭头拿出给孩子们，吩咐他们贮藏起来，说：“你们这一辈出生于富贵，应该知道你们的父亲是这样起家的。”

孩子们都答应了。 单字解释： （1）出：出身 （2）提：带 （3）去：离开 （4）极：达到 （5）出：脱离 （6）破：剖 （7）镞：箭头 （8）命：命令 （9）尔曹：你们 （10）膏粱：精美的食物，指富贵生活，比喻富贵人家 （11）皆：都 （12）诺：答应。

4. 《文舒戒子》 译文

性：性情，品性名：取名，名词作动词曰：说就：成功，完成。

裘：厚袄。一种御寒的衣物鲜：xiǎn 少的意思 原文： 季汉王昶，字文舒。

性谨厚，名其兄子曰默，曰沉；名其子曰浑，曰深，曰沦，曰湛。为书戒子曰：“吾以数者为名，欲使汝曹顾名思义，不敢违越也。

夫物速成则疾亡，晚就则善终。能屈以为伸，让以为德，弱以为强，鲜不遂矣。

人或毁己，当退而求之于身。谚曰：救寒莫于重裘，止谤莫于自修。

斯言信矣。”司马懿荐其才德兼备。

译文： 季汉王刘昶，字文舒。性情谦谨仁厚，为他哥哥的儿子取名字都符合这个谦谨仁厚的作风，分别叫刘默，刘深。

自己的儿子分别叫刘浑，刘深，刘沦，刘湛。 他写书信告诫子侄们：“我之所以给你们起这样的名字，是想让你们看见名字，体验我对你们寄予的厚望，不至于违背我的告诫行事。

万物的道理：成就的快，败亡的也快；成就的晚能够善终；委曲才能伸张，谦让才能成就德行，显示弱小实则坚强，以这样的原则行事，事情很少有不能达到目的的。如果有人批评你，应该自我检讨。

俗话说：感觉寒冷就要穿上厚袄御寒，阻止他人的批评诽谤就要自我检讨改正。这真是至理名言阿。”

司马懿因此向朝廷推荐刘昶认为他才德兼备。

5. 急求《李存审出镞教子》译文

《李存审出镞教子》一般指《李存审戒子》。

1、译文

李存审出身贫穷卑贱，他曾经训诫他的孩子们说：“你的父亲年轻时带一把剑离开家乡，四十年里，地位到达将相之高，在这中间，九死一生的情况绝不止一次，剖开骨头从中取出箭头的情况有上百余次。”

于是，他把所取出的箭头拿出给孩子们，令他们收藏起来，说：“你们出生在富贵人家，应该知道你们的父亲是这样起家的。”孩子们都答应了。

2、原文

李存审出于寒微，尝戒诸子曰：“尔父少提一剑去乡里，四十年间，位极将相。其间出万死获一生者非一，破出镞者凡百余。”因授以所出镞，命藏之，曰：“尔曹生于膏粱，当知尔父起家如此也。”诸子皆诺。

3、出处

出自宋朝司马光的《资治通鉴》

扩展资料

1、作者简介

司马光，山西夏县人。其远祖可追溯到西晋皇族安平献王司马孚。司马光的父亲司马池曾为兵部郎中、天章阁待制（属翰林学士院），在藏书阁担任皇帝的顾问，官居四品，一直以清廉仁厚享有盛誉。

司马光出生时，他的父亲司马池正担任光州光山县令，今河南信阳光山，于是便给他取名“光”，七岁时，司马光“凛然如成人，闻讲《左氏春秋》，即能了其大旨”，“手不释书，至不知饥渴寒暑”。

宋仁宗宝元元年（1038年）中进士甲科，在华州（今河南郑县）担任地方官。起初任奉礼郎、大理评事一类小官，后经枢密副使庞籍的推荐，入京为馆阁校勘，同知礼院，至和元年（1054年），随庞籍到并州（今山西）为官，后改并州通判。

嘉祐二年（1057年）庞籍因事获罪，司马光引咎离开并州。宋仁宗末年任天章阁待制兼侍讲同知谏院。嘉祐六年（1061年）迁起居舍人同知谏院。

司马光立志编撰《通志》，作为统治者的借鉴，治平三年（1066年）撰成战国迄秦的《通志》八卷上觐宋英宗，英宗命设局续修，并供给费用，增补人员。宋神宗即位后，以其书“有鉴于往事，以资于治道”，赐书名《资治通鉴》，并亲为写序。

此时王安石在宋神宗的支持下行新政，司马光竭力反对，与安石在帝前争论，强调祖宗之法不可变。神宗命他为枢密副使，坚辞不就。

熙宁三年（1070年），自请离京，以端明殿学士知永兴军（现陕西省西安市），次年退居洛阳，任西京留守御史台，以书局自随，继续编撰《通鉴》，元丰七年（1084年）成书。书成后，司马光官升为资政殿学士。

元丰八年（1085年）宋哲宗即位，高太皇太后听政，召他入京主国政，次年任尚书左仆射、兼门下侍郎，数月间罢黜新党，尽废新法，史称“元祐更化”。

司马光执政一年半，即与世长辞，“京师人为之罢市往吊，鬻衣以致奠，巷哭以过车者，盖以千万数”，灵柩送往夏县时，“民哭公甚哀，如哭其私亲。四方来会葬者盖数万人，家家挂像，饭食必祝”。死后，宋哲宗将他葬於高陵。追赠太师、温国公，谥文正，赐碑“忠清粹德”。

2、《资治通鉴》简介

《资治通鉴》（常简作《通鉴》），由北宋司马光主编的一部多卷本编年体史书，共294卷，历时19年完成。主要以时间为纲，事件为目，从周威烈王二十三年（公元前403年）写起，到五代后周世宗显德六年（公元959年）征淮南停笔，涵盖16朝1362年的历史。

在这部书里，编者总结出许多经验教训，供统治者借鉴，宋神宗认为此书“鉴于往事，有资于治道”，即以历史的得失作为鉴诫来加强统治，所以定名为《资治通鉴》。《资治通鉴》全书294卷，约300多万字，另有《考异》、《目录》各三十卷。

《资治通鉴》是中国第一部编年体通史，在中国官修史书中占有极重要的地位。

英语文章阅读带翻译3篇

大学英语四级考试CET-4是衡量大学生英语水平的重要指标,同时与学位证书挂钩,受到师生的广泛关注。下面是我带来的，欢迎阅读!

篇一

Talent Show

Nowadays, talent shows have occupied a good proportion of screen time. Participants pete in various fields, such as singing, acting and cat walking, etc. The winners not only get grand prix but also gain promising career prospects in the entertainment industry. People hold diversified opinion about talent shows. According to a survey conducted in X city, 59% of the interviewees believed that they did more good than harm, whereas 41% opposed it.

现在，选秀节目占据了电视播出时间的很大一部分。参与者在各个领域竞争，比如唱歌、表演、走猫步等等。获胜者不仅能得到大奖，而且能在娱乐界获得很有前途的职业前景。人们对选秀有各种各样的看法。根据在X市所做的调查，59%的受访者相信选秀是利大于弊，然而有41%的人表示反对。

The people in favor of the shows believe that they have given participants an equal chance to bring forth their talents. Talent shows in general provide a platform for people who want to stand in the spotlight. Besides, such programs are usually interactive with audience who vote out the winners. Despite the economic gains, many people dislike such contests, holding that the vulgar petition encourages an unhealthy thinking among the young people of being famous ovemight.

支援选秀的人认为它们给参赛者一个平等的展示天分的机会。选秀节目通常为那些想站在聚光灯下的人提供一个平台。此外，这种节目一般会与观众互动，由观众投票选出获胜者。尽管经济在增长，有许多人不喜欢这种比赛，他们认为低俗的比赛助长了年轻人中想一夜成名的不健康想法。

In my opinion, talent shows are no doubt a mercial success and an entertainment feast. And it is all too easy to label them as "vulgar" or "biased". Though I do have some reservation towards them, I believe that the programs themselves are not harmful， as long as run properly and viewed with a light heart of enjoyment. 206 words

我认为，选秀节目无疑是个商业上的成功和娱乐盛宴。而且给它们贴上“低俗”或“有偏见”的标签太草率了。虽然我确实对它们有一些异议，但我相信只要合理操作并且用欣赏的轻松心态来看待，节目本身没有害处。

篇二

A Letter of Apology

15th , March

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to apologize for my late homework. The paper which you have assigned to us last Monday was due this Friday, but to my regret, I haven't even started it yet. I feel really sorry for not handing in the paper on time and for the inconvenience itwould bring to you.

尊敬的王老师：

为我迟交的作业，特写信致歉。您上周一布置给我们的论文是截止到这周五，但是我非常抱歉，我甚至还没开始写。没有及时上交论文，以及为此可能带给你的不便，我真的感到很抱歉。

I have caught a serious cold last week and the doctor asked me to stay in bed for a week since I was very weak and the weather was very cold these days. Therefore, I couldn't go to the library to get the necessary referential rmation which was needed for my paper. As a result of this, I have not started writing the paper yet and could not hand it in on time.

上周我得了重感冒，因为身体虚弱、天气寒冷，医生要求我卧床一周。因此，我不能去图书馆查询写论文必要的参考资讯。结果是，我还没开始写论文，也就不能按时交了。

Fortunately I have finally fully recovered. I will finish the paper as soon as I can and try my best to hand in homework on time in the future.

幸运的是，我终于完全康复了。我会尽我所能尽快完成论文，并且今后尽力按时交作业。

篇三

Lost and Found

On the evening of September 9th, 2011 , I lost a Samsung digital camera in the English reading-room on the 4th floor of the new library in the west district of our uruversity.

本人于2011年9月9日晚，在学校西区新图书馆四层的英语阅览室丢失三星数码相机一部。

The digital camera can be generally described as follows. It is brand new and silver gray in color with a black leather coat. What's more, the camera is as big as a piece of cake and as light as a regular mobile phone.

对数码相机的大体描述如下:全新，银灰色，带黑色皮革相机套。还有，相机大小如一块蛋糕，重量和常见的手机一样。

This camera is a birthday present from my best friend, so losing it upsets me a lot. The one who found it please contact me at 13811111111 from 19:00 to 22:00 in the evening or email me at at any time. Thank you very much!

这部相机是我最好的朋友送的生日礼物，丢了让我很难过。找到相机的人，请于晚上七点到十点之间拨打手机13811111111联络我，或随时将邮件传送到 。非常感谢!

在世界经济全球化及中国加入WTO的形势下,社会需要大量能够用英语在国际上进行科技、经贸、法律和 文化 等方面交流的专业人才。下面是我带来的英语 文章 阅读带翻译，欢迎阅读!

英语文章阅读带翻译篇一

　In the public interest

　The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes.

　The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

　A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to

　find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

　斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。

　是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为?司法特派员?，但瑞典人一般管他叫?J.O.?，即?司法特派员?。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。

　一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。

英语文章阅读带翻译篇二

　Instinct or cleverness?

　We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly

　organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ?

　Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of

　the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!

　我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道(但愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢?

　去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地(同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法!

英语文章阅读带翻译篇三

　From the earth: greatings

　Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'.

　A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets. This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great many years before results are obtained.

　Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this

　star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually established, astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings. They would use mathematics as this is the

　only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe.

　天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现行星。这是一个重要的成就，因为相对来说，行星很小，而且也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难，但是要在行星上发现生命会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能够维持生命的条件。举例来说，在我们的太阳系里，对于生命来说，金星的温度太高，而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供理想的条件，而即使在这里，植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年的时间。

　一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星?即它的?太阳的大小和亮度。设想一下，一颗恒星比我们的太阳还要大，还要亮，还要热20倍，那么一颗行星为了维持生命就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之，如果恒星很小，维持生命的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行，而且要有极好的条件才能使生命得以发展，但是，我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星呢?现在，没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课题。

　使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的轨道上的望远镜?如非常成功的哈勃望远镜?也因为太阳系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳系的边缘，尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星，我们就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗，这样我们就能彻底?看见?这颗行星，并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物，而不是那种?小绿人?。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部分进程中，细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民，我们总存有这样的希望：小绿人来 拜访 我们，而我们可以和他们交流。但是，这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命，那么这个发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的?在其他地方发现生命会改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。?

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